No 46 Of 2016 - as Plain Text by MWakili

SPECIAL ISSUE Kenya Gazette Supplement No.

196 (Acts No.

46) IM-4E,gl REPUBLIC OF KENYA KENYA GAZETTE SUPPLEMENT ACTS, 2016 NAIROBI, 30th December, 2016 CONTENT Act - PAGE The Contempt of Court Act, 2016 .1147 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR LAW REPORTINC RECEIVED 11 JAN nr,17 P.O.

Box 10443-00100 NAIROBI, KENYA TEL: 2'711231 FAX:2712694 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, NAIROBI 1147 THE CONTEMPT OF COURT ACT No.

46 of 2016 Assent: 23rd December, 2016 Date of Date of Commencement: 13th January, 2017 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART IPRELIMINARY 1Short title.

2 Interpretation.

3Objectives of this Act.

4Contempt of Court.

PART 11JURISDICTION OF COURTS 5Jurisdiction of superior courts.

6Jurisdiction of subordinate courts to punish for contempt of court.

7Summary proceedings.

8Institution of proceedings.

PART 111DEFENCE TO CONTEMPT OF COURT 9Defence to contempt of court.

10The strict liability rule.

11Limitation of scope of strict liability rule.

12 Defence to strict liability rule.

13Defence of innocent publication or distribution.

14Fair and accurate report of judicial proceeding not contempt.

15 Fair criticism of judicial act not contempt.

16 Complaint against a presiding officer of subordinate court not contempt.

17Publication of information relating to proceedings.

in chambers or in camera not contempt except in certain cases.

18Discussion of public affairs.

19 Use of recording devices.

20Sources of information.

1148 Court 2016 No.

46 Contempt of 21Publication of matters exempted from disclosure in court.

22 Other defences not affected.

PART IVCONTEMPT OF COURT PROCEEDINGS IN A SUPERIOR OR SUBORDINATE COURT 23Trial for contempt of court shall not constitute double jeopardy.

24Power of High Court to punish contempt of surbordinate courts.

25Procedure where contempt is in superior court.

26 Cognizance of criminal contempt in other cases.

PART VOFFENCES 27Offence of contempt of court.

28Punishment for contempt of court.

29Punishment against management of company.

30Punishment against management of state organ, government, ministry or corporation.

PART VIMISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 31 Revision of order.

32-.- Review of order.

33Appeals.

34Limitations of actions for contempt.

35Proceedings not to issue against a Speaker of Parliament.

36Act to be in addition to and not in derogation of other laws relating to contempt.

37Rules.

38Repeal of section 5 of Cap, 8.

39Repeal of section 36 of No.

27 of 2015.

40Repeal of section 35 of No.

28 of 2015.

SCHEDULETIMES WHEN PROCEEDINGS ARE TREATED AS ACTIVE FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 11(2) 1149 2016 Contempt Court of No.

46 THE CONTEMPT OF COURT ACT, 2016 AN ACT of Parliament to define and limit the powers of courts in punishing for contempt of court and for connected purposes ENACTED by the Parliament of Kenya, as follows PART IPRELIMINARY This Act may be cited as the Contempt of Court Short title.

Act, 2016.

Interpretation.

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires "Chief Justice" means the Chief Justice appointed under Article 166 of the Constitution; "contempt of court" has the meaning assigned to it under section 4; "corporation" means any corporation, council, board, committee or other body which has power to act under and for the purposes of any written law relating to undertakings of public utility or otherwise to administer funds belonging to or granted by the Government or money raised by rates, taxes or charges in pursuance of any such law; "judge" means any person appointed under Article 166 (1) of the Constitution; "judicial officer" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 260 of the Constitution; "Order" has the meaning assigned to it under section 2 of the Civil Procedure Act; "Rules" means rules made by the Chief Justice pursuant to this Act: "State organ" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 260 of the Constitution; "subordinate court" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 169(1) of the Constitution; It h "1tperior court" has the meaning assigned Aulicle 162(1) of the Constitution and includes the 1150 Court 2016 Contempt of 1 No.

46 Employment and Labour Relations Court and the Environment and Land Court.

3.

The objectives of this Act are to - Objectives of this uphold the dignity and authority of the court; ensure compliance with the directions of court; ensure the observance and respect of due process of law; preserve an effective and impartial system of justice; and maintain public confidence in the administration of justice as administered by court.

Contempt of Court.

4.

(1) Contempt of court includes- civil contempt which means willful disobedience of any judgment, decree, direction, order, or other process of a court or willful breach of an undertaking given to a court; criminal contempt which means the publication, whether by words, spoken or written, by signs, visible representation, or otherwise, of any matters or the doing of any other act which- scandalizes or tends to scandalize, or lowers or tends to lower the judicial authority or dignity of the court; prejudices, or interferes or tends to interfere with, the due course of any judicial proceeding; or interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct the administration of justice.

(2) In any case not relating to civil or criminal proceedings as contemplated under subsection (1), an act that is willfully committed to interfere, obstruct or interrupt the due process of the administration of justice in relation to any court, or to lower the authority of a court, or to scandalize a judge, judicial officer in relation to any proceedings before the court, on any other manner constitutes contempt of court.

PART 11JURISDICTION OF COURTS 1151 2016 Contempt of Court No.

46 5.

Every superior court shall have power to - Jurisdiction of superior Courts.

punish for contempt of court on the face of the court; punish for contempt of court; and uphold the dignity and authority of subordinate courts.

6.

Every subordinate court shall have power to punish Jurisdiction of subordinate courts to for contempt of court on the face of the court in any case punish for contempt of court where a person- assaults, threatens, intimidates, or willfully insults a judicial officer or a witness, during a sitting or attendance in a court, or in going to or returning from the court to whom any relevant proceedings relate; willfully interrupts or obstructs the proceedings of a subordinate court; or willfully disobeys an order or direction of a subordinate court.

7.

(1) An offence of contempt of court shall be tried Summary summarily and the court shall keep a record of the proceedings.

proceedings.

(2) Without prejudice to subsection (1), the Chief Justice may make rules of procedure to regulate proceedings and the process to try an offence of contempt of court in the superior and subordinate courts, including transfer of proceedings from a subordinate court to a superior court; proceedings in camera and prohibition of publication of proceedings; and appeals and limitation for appeals.

(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1), any proceedings to try an offence of contempt of court provided for under any other written law shall not take away the right of any person to a fair trial and fair administrative action in accordance with Articles 47 and 50 of the Constitution.

8.

Proceedings for criminal contempt of court shall not Institution of be instituted except by or with the consent of the Director proceedings.

1152 2016 No.

46 Contempt of Court of Public Prosecutions, with the leave of the court or on the motion of a court having jurisdiction to deal with criminal contempt of court.

PART IllDEFENCE TO CONTEMPT OF COURT 9.

In proceedings for contempt of court, it shall be a 11noe to Contempt defence if it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that of court.

the conduct in issue is a fair comment on the general working of the court made in good faith, in the public interest and and in temperate language; is a fair comment on the merits of a decision of a court made in good faith and in temperate language; is a publication of a fair and substantially accurate report of any judicial proceeding; is a publication of any matter amounting to contempt of court by reason of its being published during judicial proceedings, by a person who had no reasonable grounds to believe that such judicial proceedings were pending at the time of the publication of the matter; pertains to distribution of a publication containing any matter amounting to contempt of court by a person who had no reasonable ground to believe that the publication contained or was likely to contain any such matter; is a true declaration made in good faith and in temperate language for initiation of action or in the course of disciplinary proceedings against a judge or judicial officer; is a plea of truth taken up as a defence in any contempt of court charge under this Act or any written law; is a relevant observation made in judicial capacity b: a superior court on an appeal or revision or application for transfer of a case or by a court in judicial proceedings against a judge or judicial officer; is a remark made in an administrative capacity by an authority in the (-use of official business, 1153 2016 Contempt of Court No.

46 including a remark connected with a disciplinary inquiry or in an inspection note or a character roll or confidential report; or (j) pertains to any other matter exempted from constituting a commission of an offence of contempt of court under any other written law.

10.

(1) In this Act "the strict liability rule" means the Ile strict liability rule of law whereby conduct may be treated as a contempt of court as tending to interfere with the course of justice in particular legal proceedings regardless of intent to do so.

The strict liability rule applies only in relation to publication, and for this purpose "publication" includes any speech, writing, broadcast or other communication in whatever form, which is addressed to the public at large or any section of the public.

A person shall be strictly liable for contempt of court in any case where the person does any act which interferes or tends to interfere with the course of justice in relation to any judicial proceedings.

For purposes of subsection (3), it shall be immaterial whether the interference was not intentional.

applies only to Limitation of scope 11.

(1) The strict liability rule of strict liability rule.

publication- which creates a substantial risk that the course of justice in the proceedings in question will be seriously impeded or prejudiced; and only if the proceedings in question are active within the meaning of this section at the time of the publication.

(2) The Schedule applies in determining the times at which proceedings are to be treated as active within the meaning of this section.

12.

Nothing in this Act shall- Defence to strict liability rule.

prejudice any defence available at common law to a charge of contempt of court under the strict liability rule; imply that any publication is punishable as contempt of court under that rule which would not be so punishable apart from those provisions; or 1154 Contempt Court 2016 of No.

46 (c) restricts liability for contempt of court in respect of conduct intended to impede or prejudice the administration of justice.

13.

(1) A person is not guilty of contempt of court Defence of innocent publication or under the strict liability rule if that person has published distribution.

any matter which interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct, the course of justice in connection with any civil or criminal proceedings pending at the time of publication, if at that time, that person had no reason to believe that the proceedings were pending.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act or any other law, the publication of any matter referred to in subsection (1) in connection with any civil or criminal proceeding which is not pending at the time of publication does not constitute contempt of court.

A person shall not be guilty of contempt of court under the strict liability rule if that person distributed a publication containing any matter referred to in subsection (1), if at the time of distribution that person did not know or had no reason to believe that it contained such matter or was likely to contain any such matter.

The burden of proof of any fact tending to establish a defence under this section to any person is upon that person.

Subsection (3) does not apply in respect of Cap.1II distribution of any publication which is a book or paper printed or published; or any publication which is a newspaper published, other than in conformity with the Books and Newspapers Act.

14.

(1) A person is not guilty of contempt of court for Fair and accurate report of judicial publishing a fair and accurate report of judicial proceedings proceeding not held in open court if the report is published in good faith.

contempt.

(2) In any judicial proceedings held in open court, the court may, where it appears necessary to avoid the risk of prejudice to the administration of justice in those proceedings.

or in any other proceedings pending or imminent, order that the publication of any report of the 1155 2016 Contempt of Court No.

46 proceedings, or any part of the proceedings, be postponed for such period as the court determines is necessary for that purpose.

15.

A person is not guilty of contempt of court for Fair criticism of judicial act not publishing any fair comment on the merits of any case, contempt which has been heard and determined.

16.

A person is not guilty of contempt of court in Complaint against presiding officers of respect of any complaint made by that person in good faith subordinate courts concerning the presiding officer of any subordinate court not contempt.

to - a competent authority; a judge; or a judicial officer.

17.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Publication of information information relating Act, a person is not guilty of contempt of court for to proceedings in publishing a fair and accurate report of judicial proceedings chambers or in camera not contempt before any court sitting in chambers or in camera except in except in certain the following cases - cases.

(a) where the publication is contrary to any law; where the court, on grounds of public policy or in exercise of any power vested in it, expressly prohibits the publication of all publication of all information relating to the proceedings or of information of the description which is published; where the court sits in chambers or in camera for reasons relating to public order or national security, the publication of information relating to those proceedings; where the information relates to a secret process, discovery or invention which is in issue in the proceedings.

(2) Without prejudice to subsection(l), a person is not guilty of contempt of court for publishing the text or a fair and accurate summary of the whole, or any part, of an order made by any court sitting in chambers or in camera, unless the court has expressly prohibited the publication thereof - (a) on the grounds of public policy or interest; 1156 No.

46 Contempt of Court 2016 for reasons connected with public order or national security; on the ground that it contains information relating to a secret process, discovery or invention, or in exercise of any power vested in it.

A publication made as part of a discussion in good Dsussion of public faith of public affairs or other matters of general public interest is not contempt of court under the strict liability rule if the risk of impediment or prejudice to particular legal proceedings is merely incidental to the discussion.

(1) Subject to subsection (4), it is contempt of Useof recording court to use in court any recording device or instrument for recording proceedings, a tape recorder or other instrument for recording sound, except with the leave of the court; publish a recording of legal proceedings made by means of any such instrument, or any recording derived directly or indirectly from it, by playing it in the hearing of the public or any section of the public, or disposes of it or any recording so derived, with a view to such publication; or use any such recording in contravention of any conditions granted under paragraph (a).

Leave under subsection (1)(a) may be granted or refused by the court, and where such leave is granted, it may be subject to such reasonable conditions as the court considers necessary.

Without prejudice to any other power to deal with an act of contempt under subsection (1) (a), the court may order the instrument, device or any recording made with it, or both, to be forfeited, and any object so forfeited shall, unless the court otherwise determines on application by a person appearing to be the owner, be sold or otherwise disposed of in such manner as the court may direct.

This section shall not apply to the making or use of sound recordings for purposes of official transcripts of proceedings.

For purposes of this section "recording" includes any visual or audio recording.

1157 Court 2016 Contempt of No.

46 A person is not guilty of contempt of court for Sources of refusing to disclose, the source of information contained in information.

a publication for which the person is responsible, unless it is established to the satisfaction of the court that such disclosure is necessary in the interests of justice, national security, or for the prevention of disorder crime.

Where a court, having power to do so, allows a Publication of matters exempted name or other matter to be withheld from publication in from disclosure in relation to proceedings before the court, the court may give court.

such directions prohibiting the publication of that name or matter as appear to the court to be necessary for the purpose for which it was so withheld.

Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed Other defences not as implying that any other defence which would be a valid affected, defence in any proceedings for contempt of court has ceased to be available merely by reason of the provisions of this Act.

PART IVCONTEMPT OF COURT PROCEEDINGS Nothing in this Act prevents Trial for contempt of court shall not constitute double a court from trying a person for any other related jeopardy.

criminal offence or adjudicating a civil matter; or a person from instituting or seeking person for any other offence provided for under for under any other written law.

The High Court has the same jurisdiction power Power of High Court - to punish contempt and authority, in accordance with the same procedure and of subordinate practice, in respect of contempt of subordinate courts as it courts, has and exercises in respect of contempt of the High Court, Where it is alleged that, or appears to a superior Procedure where, - - contempt is in court that a person has committed contempt of court in its superior court.

presence or hearing, the court may cause such person to be detained in custody and at any time before the rising of the court, on the same day or not more than twenty-four hours thereafter shall - cause the person to be informed in writing of the contempt of court With which he or she is charged; afford that person an opportunity to make his or her defence to the charge; 1158 No.

46 Contempt of Court 2016 after taking such evidence as may be necessary or as may be offered by such person and after hearing him or her, proceed, either forthwith or after adjournment, to determine the matter of the charge; and make such order for the punishment or discharge of such person on such terms as may be just.

26.

(1) In the case of criminal contempt, a superior Cognizance of criminal contempt in court may take action on its own motion or on another cases.

application made by any person.

In the case of any criminal contempt of a subordinate court, the High Court may take action on a reference made to it by the subordinate court or on a motion made by the Director of Public Prosecutions.

Every motion or reference made under this section shall specify the contempt of court the person is charged with.

PART V OFFENCES 27.

A person who Offence of contempt assaults, threatens, intimidates, or willfully insults of court.

a judge or judicial officer or a witness, during a sitting or attendance in a court, or in going to or returning from the court; willfully and without lawful excuse disobeys an order or directions of a superior or subordinate court in the course of the hearing of a proceeding; within the premises in which any judicial proceeding is being had or taken, or within the precincts of the same, shows disrespect, in speech or manner, to or with reference to such proceeding, or any person before whom such proceeding is being heard or taken; having been called upon to give evidence in a judicial proceeding, fails to attend, or having attended refuses to be sworn or to make an affirmation, or, having been sworn or affirmed, refuses without lawful excuse to answer a question or to produce a document, or remains in the room in which such proceeding is being had or taken, after the witnesses have been ordered to leave such 1159 2016 Contempt of Court No.

46 room; causes an obstruction or disturbance in the course of a judicial proceeding; while a judicial proceeding is pending, makes use of any speech or writing misrepresenting such proceeding or capable of prejudicing any person in favour of or against any parties to such proceeding, or calculated to lower the authority taken; publishes a report of the evidence taken in any judicial proceeding which has been directed to be held in private; attempts wrongfully to interfere with or influence a witness in a judicial proceeding, either before or after he has given evidence, in connection with such evidence; dismisses a servant because he has given evidence on behalf of a certain party to a judicial proceeding; forcibly retakes possession of land from any person who has recently obtained possession by an order of court; or commits any other act of intentional disrespect to any judicial proceedings, or to any person before whom such proceeding is being heard or taken, commits an offence.

28.

(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Punishnientfor Act or in any other written law, a person who is convicted contempt of court.

of contempt of court is liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred thousand shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both.

Without prejudice to subsection (I), the court may order that the accused person be detained in police custody until the rising of the court.

A court may at any time revoke an order of committal made under subsection (2) and, if the offender is in custody, order his discharge.

Subject to subsection (1), the accused may be discharged or the punishment awarded may be remitted on apology being made to the satisfaction of the court.

1160 Contempt of Court 2016 No.

46 Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no court shall impose a sentence in excess of that specified in subsection (1) for any contempt either in respect of that court or of a court subordinate to it.

Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, where a person is found guilty of civil contempt, the court may if it considers that the fine will not meet the ends of justice and that imprisonment is necessary direct that the person be detained in civil jail for such period not exceeding six months as the court may deem fit.

29.

(1) Where a company is guilty of contempt of Punishment against management of court in respect of any undertaking given to a court by the company.

company, every person who, at the time the contempt was committed, was in charge of and was responsible to the company for the conduct of business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the contempt and such person may with the leave of the court be committed to civil jail: Provided that nothing in this subsection shall render any such person liable to punishment if the person proves to the satisfaction of the court that the contempt was committed without his or her knowledge or that he or she exercised all due diligence to prevent its commission.

(2) Where the contempt of court is committed by a company and it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that the contempt has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of the contempt and may, with the leave of the court be committed to civil jail and in addition, be liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred thousand shillings 0.

(1) Where a State organ, government department, Punishment against management of ministry or corporation is guilty of contempt of court in State organ, respect of any undertaking given to a court by the State government department, ministry organ, government department, ministry or corporation, the or corporation court shall serve a notice of not less than thirty days on the accounting officer, requiring the accounting officer to show cause why contempt of court proceedings should not be commenced against the accounting officer.

1161 2016 Contempt Court of No.

46 No contempt of court proceedings shall be commenced against the accounting officer of a State organ, government department, ministry or corporation, unless the court has issued a notice of not less than thirty days to the accounting officer to show cause why contempt of court proceedings should not be commenced against the accounting officer.

A notice issued under subsection (1) shall be served on the accounting officer and the Attorney-General.

If the accounting officer does not respond to the notice to show cause issued under subsection (1) within thirty days of the receipt of the notice, the court shall proceed and commence contempt of court proceedings against the accounting officer.

Where the contempt of court is committed by a State organ, government department, ministry or corporation, and it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that the contempt has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of any accounting officer, such accounting officer shall be deemed to be guilty of the contempt and may with the leave of the court be liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred thousand shillings.

No State officer or public officer shall be convicted of contempt of court for the execution of his duties in good faith.

PART VIMISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 31.

(1) A superior court may, on an application made Revision of order.

by a person aggrieved by an order by a subordinate court to punish for contempt of court revise such order on such terms as it deems fit and may upon revision uphold the order of the subordinate court; or release the applicant with or without conditions.

(2) An application under subsection (1) shall be made on the following grounds record; or an error apparent on the face nportant ma ie:l discovery of new or o due evidence which, after the exerc of the diligence, was not within trie knowl r her applicant and could be produce I at the time when the order asseu.

1162 No.

46 Contempt of Court 2016 (3) The procedure for revision of an order for contempt of court shall be as set out in Criminal Procedure Cap.

75 Code.

32.

(1) The High Court shall have power to review its Review of order.

own orders.

(2) Pending the review of an order under subsection (1), the High Court may order that the execution of the punishment or order to be reviewed be suspended; and if the subject of the order or decision is in confinement, the subject be released on bail.

33.

(1) An appeal shall lie from any order or decision Appeals.

of the High Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction to punish for contempt to the Court of Appeal, only on points of law.

(2) Pending an appeal, an appellate court may order that the execution of the punishment or order appealed against he suspended; and if the appellant is in confinement, the appellant be released on bail.

(3) Where a person aggrieved by any order against which an appeal may be filed satisfies the High Court that he or she intends to file an appeal, the High Court may also exercise all or any of the powers conferred by subsection (2).

(4) An appeal under subsection (1) shall be filed - in the case of an appeal to the High Court, within thirty days; in the case of an appeal to the court of Appeal, within sixty days, from the date of the order appealed against.

Limitations of 34.

No court shall initiate any proceedings for actions for contempt of court either on its own motion or otherwise contempt - after the expiry of a period of six months from the date on which the contempt of court is alleged to have been committed.

1163 Court 2016 Contempt of No.

46 A Court shall not initiate proceedings for contempt Proceedings not to issue against a of court in relation to a decision made or directions given Speaker of by a Speaker of a House of Parliament in the performance Parliament.

of his or her official responsibilities.

The provisions of this Act shall supersede any Act to be in addition to and not in other written law relating to contempt of court.

derogation of other laws relating to contempt.

The Chief Justice may make rules for the better Rules.

carrying out of the purposes of this Act.

The Judicature Act is amended by deleting section Repeal of Section 55.

of Cap 8.

Repeal of section 36 High Court (Organization and The of No.

27 of 2015.

Administration) Act is amended by deleting section 36.

The Court of Appeal (Organization and Repeal of section 35 Administration) Act is amended by deleting section 35.

of No.

28 of 2015.

1164 No.

46 Contempt of Court 2016 SCHEDULE (s.11(2)) TIMES WHEN PROCEEDINGS ARE TO TREATED AS ACTIVE FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 11(2) Preliminary 1.

In this Schedule-- "criminal proceedings" means proceedings against a person in respect of an offence, not being appellate proceedings or proceedings commenced by motion for committal or attachment; and "appellate proceedings" means proceedings on appeal from or for the review of the decision of a court in any proceedings.

2.

Criminal, appellate and other proceedings are active within the meaning of section 11 at the instances prescribed by the following paragraphs of this Schedule, and in relation to proceedings in which more than one of the steps described in any of those paragraphs is taken, the reference in that paragraph is a reference to the first of those steps.

Criminal proceedings 3.

Subject to the following provisions of this Schedule, criminal proceedings are active from the relevant initial step specified in paragraph 4 until concluded as described in paragraph 5.

4.

The initial steps of criminal proceedings are - the arrest without a warrant; the issuance, of a warrant of arrest; issuance of a summons to appear; the service of a charge or other document specifying the charge.

5.

Criminal proceedings are concluded - by acquittal or, as the case may be, by sentence; by any other verdict, finding, order or decision which concludes the proceedings; by discontinuance; or by operation of law.

6.

The reference in paragraph 5(a) to sentence includes any order or decision consequent on conviction or finding of guilt which disposes of the case, either h'cIutely or subject to future events, and a deferment of sentence.

1165 2016 Contempt of Court No.

46 7.

Proceedings are discontinued within the meaning of paragraph 5(c) if the charge or summons is withdrawn or terminated; if the proceedings are abandoned by the prosecutor; in the case of arrest without a warrant, if the person arrested is released, otherwise than on bail, without having been charged.

8.

Criminal proceedings before a court-martial are not concluded until the completion of any review of finding or sentence.

9.

Without prejudice to paragraph 5(b), criminal proceedings against a person cease to be active if the accused is found to be under such disability as to render him or her unfit to be tried or unfit to plead.

10.

Criminal proceedings against a person which become active on the issue or the grant of a warrant for his or her arrest cease to be active at the end of the period of twelve months beginning with the date of the warrant unless such person has been arrested within that period.

11.

Despite paragraph ii, criminal proceedings become active again if the person referred to therein is subsequently arrested outside the said period of twelve months.

Other proceedings at first instance 12.

Proceedings other than criminal proceedings and appellate proceedings are active - from the time when arrangements for the hearing are made; or if no such arrangements are previously made, from the time the hearing begins, until the proceedings are disposed of or discontinued or withdrawn.

13.

For the purposes of paragraph 13, any motion or application made in or for the purposes of any proceedings -trial court, is to be treated as a distinct proceeding.

any pre review in the 14.

Arrangements for the hearing of proceedings to which paragraph 13 applies are made within the meaning of that paragraph in the case of proceedings in the High Court for which.

provision is made, by rules of court for setting down for trial, when the case is set down; in the case of any proceedings, when a, date for the trial or hearing is fixed.

Appellate proceedings 15, Appellate proceedings are active from the time when they are commenced=.

1166 No.

46 Contempt of Court 2016 by application for leave to appeal or apply for review, or by notice of such an application; by notice of appeal or of application for review; by other originating process, until disposed of or abandoned, discontinued or withdrawn.

16.

Where, in appellate proceedings relating to criminal proceedings, the court remits the case to the court below; or orders a new trial, any further or new proceedings which result shall be treated as active from the conclusion of the appellate proceedings.

.